topic 2 information resources -( Primary and secondary)

                      Primary and secondary sources


concerning this week we have learned a new lesson about Primary and secondary sources .we said that The materials, evidence, or data used in your research are known as sources. As foundations of your research, these sources of information are typically classified into two broad categories: primary and secondary. 

Discipline	Primary Source	Secondary Source
Archeology	farming tools	treatise on innovative analysis of Neolithic artifacts
Art	sketch book	conference proceedings on French Impressionists
History	Emancipation Proclamation (1863)	book on the anti-slavery struggle
Journalism	interview	biography of publisher Randolph Hearst
Law	legislative hearing	law review article on anti-terrorism legislation
Literature	novel	literary criticism on Desolation Angels
Music	score of an opera	biography of the composer Mozart
Political Science	public opinion poll	newspaper article on campaign finance reform
Rhetoric	speech	editorial comment on Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech
Sociology	voter registry	Ph.D. dissertation on Hispanic voting patterns

Primary source is material written or produced in the time period that you may be investigating.

Primary Sources

A primary source provides direct or firsthand evidence about an event, object, person or work of art. Characteristically, primary sources are contemporary to the events and people described and show minimal or no mediation between the document/artifact and its creator. As to the format, primary source materials can be written and non-written, the latter including sound, picture, and artifact. Examples of primary sources include:
      1- personal correspondence and diaries
      2- works of art and literature
      3-speeches and oral histories
      4-audio and video recordings
      5-photographs and posters
      6-newspaper ads and stories
      7- laws and legislative hearings
      8 census or demographic records
      9- plant and animal specimens

     10-coins and tools

Secondary Sources

A secondary source, in contrast, lacks the immediacy of a primary record. As materials produced sometime after an event happened, they contain information that has been interpreted, commented, analyzed or processed in such a way that it no longer conveys the freshness of the original. History textbooks, dictionaries, encyclopedias, interpretive journal articles, and book reviews are all examples of secondary sources. Secondary sources are often based on primary sources.
The chart below illustrates possible uses of primary and secondary sources by discipline:

CONCLUSION:
Primary sources enable the researcher to get as close as possible to what actually happened during an historical event or time period.

A primary source is an original object or document, first-hand information.
finally we knew the difference between hte primary and secondary source, we said a primary source is from the original source  and a secondary is no more fresh from the original such a history book, encyclopedia and a dictionary.